Decision-making in the European Union involves a number of institutions, in particular the European Commission, the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union.
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How EU decisions are made
The EU’s standard decision-making procedure is known as ‘Ordinary Legislative Procedure’ (ex “codecision”). This means that the directly elected European Parliament has to approve EU legislation together with the Council (the governments of the 28 EU countries). The Commission drafts and implements EU legislation.
EU Treaties
The European Union is based on the rule of law. This means that every action taken by the EU is founded on treaties that have been approved voluntarily and democratically by all EU member countries.
The Treaty of Lisbon increased the number of policy areas where ‘Ordinary Legislative Procedure’ is used. The European Parliament also has more power to block a proposal if it disagrees with the Council.
Regulations, Directives and other acts
The aims set out in the EU treaties are achieved by several types of legal act. These legislative acts include regulations, directives, recommendations and opinions. Some are binding, others are not. Some apply to all EU countries, others to just a few.
Application of EU law
EU law – which has equal force with national law – confers rights and obligations on the authorities in each member country, as well as individuals and businesses. The authorities in each member country are responsible for implementing EU legislation in national law and enforcing it correctly, and they must guarantee citizens’ rights under these laws.
EU legislation and case-law
EU legislation takes the form of:
- Treaties establishing the European Union and governing the way it works
- EU regulations, directives and decisions – with a direct or indirect effect on EU member states.
EU case-law is made up of judgments from the European Union’s Court of Justice, which interpret EU legislation.
